Search results for "Fake News"
showing 10 items of 50 documents
Climate Change: Negationism, Skepticism, and Misinformation
2021
Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es examinar los principales lineamientos antagonistas sobre el cambio climático. Para ello, se ofrece una aproximación teórica a las narrativas y repertorios sustantivos que sostienen los fundamentos de la negación y se diferencia conceptualmente entre negacionistas, climatoescépticos y contrarios climáticos. Estos repertorios son la negación de las evidencias científicas, la negación económica y la negación política. Finalmente, se hace referencia a la difusión de información errónea y tóxica como estrategia organizada y deliberada. Como principal conclusión se abordan los emergentes programas de alfabetización climática para neutralizar la desinformac…
A Model of Positive and Negative Learning
2017
This chapter proposes a model of positive and negative learning (PNL model). We use the term negative learning when stress among students occurs, and when knowledge and abilities are not properly developed. We use the term positive learning if motivation is high and active learning occurs. The PNL model proposes that (a) learning-related demands and resources contribute to learning engagement and burnout, (b) that learning engagement improves critical thinking, which (c) should enhance students’ abilities to detect fake news. Two studies demonstrate the validity of the learning engagement and burnout constructs, and learning-related demands and resources as possible antecedents. Also, criti…
Audiovisual Verification in the evolution of television newsrooms: Al Jazeera and the transition from satellite to the cloud
2021
With the spread of the digital sphere and the proliferation of images from indirect sources that can be accessed by systems and users, verification routines have become essential to ensure media corporations' credibility. The advances in artificial intelligence which allow automated fact-checking (AFC) initiatives to be created help detect falsehoods, but they do not eliminate the need for human intervention. On the contrary, information professionals are necessary, and their functions increasingly include procedures such as mediating in videos and images. This study analyses the evolution of verification routines in audiovisual journalism and how new techniques have influenced the percepti…
Spreading of Competing Information in a Network
2020
We propose a simple approach to investigate the spreading of news in a network. In more detail, we consider two different versions of a single type of information, one of which is close to the essence of the information (and we call it good news), and another of which is somehow modified from some biased agent of the system (fake news, in our language). Good and fake news move around some agents, getting the original information and returning their own version of it to other agents of the network. Our main interest is to deduce the dynamics for such spreading, and to analyze if and under which conditions good news wins against fake news. The methodology is based on the use of ladder fermion…
Quality recognition as a prescriber against disinformation
2022
El contexto mediático híbrido y la infodemia han incrementado el peligro de la desinformación, sobre todo entre los jóvenes, que mayoritariamente consumen contenidos digitales. Este artículo tiene como objetivo conocer las competencias y habilidades para detectar contenidos de baja calidad vinculados con la desinformación por parte de estudiantes de Periodismo y Comunicación de Argentina, Chile y España. A partir de un doble estudio comparativo, por países y nivel de formación, se pretende determinar las destrezas de futuros periodistas en el reconocimiento de información falsa. A través de un cuestionario online, los participantes (N=300) evaluaron la calidad observada (mínima, media o exc…
La desinformació multimodal sobre l’alteritat a Internet. Difusió de boles racistes, xenòfobes i islamòfobes el 2020
2021
espanolEste trabajo estudia la construccion de la imagen de la otredad a traves de la desinformacion en Internet. Para ello, aplica una metodologia de analisis de contenido a los 161 bulos de caracter racista, xenofobo o islamofobo desmentidos en 2020 por los cuatro medios espanoles de verificacion de informacion acreditados por la International Fact-Checking Network: Maldita.es, Newtral, Efe Verifica y Verificat. Los resultados evidencian que los formatos mas empleados fueron la imagen y el video, y que las desinformaciones se basaron mayoritariamente en la descontextualizacion y el engano, sin identificar su fuente. Los atributos mas transmitidos asociaron la otredad a la recepcion de ayu…
An exploratory study of COVID-19 misinformation on Twitter.
2020
During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media has become a home ground for misinformation. To tackle this infodemic, scientific oversight, as well as a better understanding by practitioners in crisis management, is needed. We have conducted an exploratory study into the propagation, authors and content of misinformation on Twitter around the topic of COVID-19 in order to gain early insights. We have collected all tweets mentioned in the verdicts of fact-checked claims related to COVID-19 by over 92 professional fact-checking organisations between January and mid-July 2020 and share this corpus with the community. This resulted in 1 500 tweets relating to 1 274 false and 276 partially false cla…
Natural light in the architectural interior: Fake news on the Caravaggio of Palermo
2022
The paper investigates the mystery of a painting, Caravaggio’s The Nativity, and the scope of certain design devices implied in the interior/exterior relationship and described as a function of recognisable physical elements. For a long time, it was believed that this painting, placed on the altar of the oratory of San Lorenzo, was made in Palermo. It is a piece of fake news detected by interpreting and examining an architectural interior. Here, the value of natural light emerges, and we glimpse an irrefutable truth and therefore achieve an understanding of what happens when observing The Nativity and the oratory. What is the difference between recognising and identifying the arche, that is…
Media and fake news: An analysis of citizens’ attitudes toward misinformation in European countries
2021
The rapid changes determined by the rise of Internet and the recent development of social media in daily life have led to profound consequences on the quantity and quality of data made available and on the mechanisms of their dissemination. The rapid spread of on-line disinformation is one of the most discussed topic, and has been identified as one of the top-trends in modern societies by the World Economic Forum, also because of the link between these processes and political communication. Thanks to the availability of micro-data from the Flash Eurobarometer survey on “Fake news and disinformation online”, the present work aims at analyzing the attitude of European citizens toward fake new…
Il progetto Fake News e lo spazio della città
2022
Attraverso una disamina di alcuni punti di passaggio e cambiamento della struttura delle tecnologie dell’informazione e della loro strumentalizzazione da parte dei sistemi di potere è possibile individuare alcune costanti utili per organizzare difese per una corretta informazione pubblica. Nella continua ricerca della libertà di comunicare le persone hanno bisogno di agganciare la dimensione del sociale in uno spazio della comunicazione in cui lo spazio fisico della città non è secondario. Questo perché la dimensione spaziale urbana e territoriale è l’ambiente indirettamente affetto dalle pratiche e politiche di governo della città generate dall’elaborazione delle informazioni pubbliche. Lo…